What encompasses the body's various defenses against diseases and infections?

The body's various defenses against diseases and infections are collectively known as "medical defenses." This encompasses the immune system as well as other biochemical and physiological mechanisms that protect the body from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The immune system includes cells like white blood cells, antibodies, and other components that work together to identify and eliminate foreign invaders.

While healthcare, public health, and vaccine strategies play significant roles in overall disease prevention and health promotion, they are not intrinsic defenses of the body. Healthcare refers to the services provided to maintain or improve health, public health focuses on the health of populations through organized efforts, and vaccine strategies involve the use of vaccines to stimulate an immune response. These elements support and enhance medical defenses but are not the direct mechanisms through which the body defends itself against infections.