What is a significant effect of environmental change on species?

A significant effect of environmental change on species is that it can drive extinction or speciation. When environmental conditions change—whether due to climate shifts, habitat destruction, or introduction of invasive species—organisms may struggle to survive in their existing forms. Those that cannot adapt to new conditions may face extinction, while others that develop new adaptations may evolve into new species over time, a process known as speciation. This reflects the dynamic nature of ecosystems, where the continual interplay between organisms and their environments drives evolutionary processes.

In contrast, other options present misconceptions about the relationship between environmental change and species adaptation. For example, the idea that environmental change eliminates the need for adaptation suggests a static scenario, while in reality, such changes often compel species to adapt or risk extinction. The notion that environmental change guarantees species survival is misleading since not all species can cope with rapid changes; many face diminished prospects for survival. Lastly, the thought that environmental change results in uniformity in characteristics overlooks the variability and diversity that often emerge as species adapt differently to varied niches and circumstances.