What is the effect of mutations on genetic traits?

Mutations play a crucial role in genetic diversity within populations. When a mutation occurs, it introduces new variations in genes, which can lead to different phenotypes, or observable traits. These variations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful, but on a larger scale, they increase the overall genetic diversity of a species.

Enhanced genetic diversity is essential for the adaptability and survival of species as it can result in new traits that may help individuals better survive in changing environments. For example, a mutation might confer resistance to a disease or allow an organism to exploit a new food source. Over time, if such beneficial mutations are advantageous, they can spread throughout a population, leading to evolution.

While some mutations can indeed lead to detrimental changes or disorders, and some may have no effect at all, the capacity of mutations to introduce new genetic combinations is fundamental to the process of evolution and the development of diverse genetic traits within a population. Thus, the correct answer reflects the positive role that mutations play in creating genetic diversity.