What is the process called when a seed begins to sprout and grow into a young plant?

The process in which a seed begins to sprout and grow into a young plant is known as germination. This occurs when environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature, and sometimes light are favorable for the seed. During germination, the seed absorbs water and swells, which activates enzymes that trigger growth. The seed coat breaks open, and the embryo starts to develop root and shoot systems, ultimately leading to the establishment of a young plant. This is a crucial phase in the life cycle of plants, as it marks the transition from a dormant seed to an actively growing plant.

Fertilization, on the other hand, refers to the process where pollen meets the ovule to form a zygote, which is a precursor to seed formation. Pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, which is a step prior to fertilization. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, using water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen, but this occurs after germination. Understanding these distinct processes is essential for grasping plant biology as a whole.