What is the process called when water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane?

The process when water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This movement continues until equilibrium is reached, meaning the concentration of solute is balanced on both sides of the membrane. The selectivity of the membrane allows water to pass through, while restricting the movement of solute particles, which is essential for maintaining cellular function and homeostasis in biological systems. This distinction makes osmosis a unique type of diffusion that is critical for processes such as hydration, nutrient absorption, and waste removal in living organisms.