What is the process of breaking down dead organic matter called?

The process of breaking down dead organic matter is known as decomposition. This natural process involves the breakdown of complex organic substances into simpler forms, which is primarily carried out by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. During decomposition, these organisms break down the matter, releasing nutrients back into the soil and making them available for new plants and other organisms. This not only helps recycle nutrients in the ecosystem but also contributes to soil health and fertility.

Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration are distinct biological processes. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while respiration involves the conversion of glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water in living organisms. Transpiration refers to the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through plants, and is released as vapor through small openings in leaves. Each of these processes plays an essential role in ecological function but does not relate to the breakdown of dead organic matter like decomposition does.