What organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels through the production and secretion of hormones, particularly insulin and glucagon. When blood sugar levels rise after eating, the pancreas releases insulin, which facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells for energy or storage, thereby lowering blood sugar levels. Conversely, when blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas releases glucagon, which signals the liver to release stored glucose back into the bloodstream, raising blood sugar levels to maintain homeostasis.

This regulatory function is vital for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, as imbalances can lead to conditions such as hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The liver, while also important in metabolism and glucose storage, acts primarily in response to signals from the pancreas rather than independently regulating blood sugar levels. The kidney and heart do not have a direct regulatory role over blood sugar, as their primary functions are related to filtration and circulation, respectively.