What theory explains how organisms change and develop over time to enhance their survival rates?

The Theory of Evolution is the correct choice because it provides a framework for understanding how species adapt over time through processes like natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and migration. This theory posits that organisms with traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction are more likely to pass those traits on to future generations. Over long periods, these gradual changes can lead to the emergence of new species. This concept is fundamental in biology as it explains the diversity of life on Earth and how species interact with their environment.

In contrast, the other theories focus on different scientific principles. The Theory of Relativity, developed by Albert Einstein, addresses the physics of space and time rather than biological processes. The Theory of Plate Tectonics explains the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates and the geological changes that result from these movements, which is unrelated to biological evolution. Lastly, the Germ Theory of Disease describes how microorganisms cause diseases, but it does not provide insights into the evolutionary processes that lead to the adaptation and survival of species.