What type of cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent?

A diploid cell is characterized by containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent. This is commonly seen in somatic cells of organisms that reproduce sexually. In humans, for example, diploid cells have a total of 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs, where each pair consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

Diploid cells play a crucial role in genetic diversity through sexual reproduction, as they can undergo meiosis to produce haploid cells, which are essential for the formation of gametes (sperm and eggs). This ensures that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will restore the diploid state, containing genetic information from both parents.

Other cell types mentioned in the choices serve different functions. Haploid cells, for instance, contain only one set of chromosomes and are involved in gamete formation. Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, lack a defined nucleus and typically have a single circular chromosome. Stem cells are unique in their ability to differentiate into various cell types but can be either haploid or diploid depending on the type of organism and specific circumstances.