What type of organism is characterized as a special eukaryote that decomposes and absorbs nutrients?

Fungi are special eukaryotes known for their unique role in ecosystems as decomposers. They absorb nutrients from their surroundings through a process called absorption, which involves secreting enzymes that break down complex organic materials into simpler substances that can be absorbed. This ability makes fungi crucial for nutrient cycling, as they help decompose dead plants, animals, and other organic matter, returning essential nutrients to the soil.

Fungi exhibit a distinct cellular structure characterized by cell walls made of chitin, differentiating them from other types of organisms. Unlike bacteria, which are prokaryotes and primarily decompose through direct nutrient uptake without complex enzymes, fungi utilize a more sophisticated mechanism involving external digestion. Algae, while also eukaryotic, primarily conduct photosynthesis and do not typically function as decomposers in the same way. Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes that usually feed on bacteria and organic matter but are not primarily known for their decomposing abilities. Thus, fungi are the primary eukaryotes that take on the role of decomposers in ecological systems.