Which of the following is a form of evidence for evolution?

The fossil record is a significant form of evidence for evolution because it documents the historical sequence of life on Earth. Fossils provide insights into the types of organisms that existed at different times, how they changed over time, and the transitional forms that demonstrate evolutionary processes. By studying the characteristics of fossils and the layers of rock in which they are found, scientists can trace the gradual changes in species and identify common ancestors among diverse groups of organisms. This helps illuminate the patterns of evolution, such as speciation and extinction events, and supports the theory of evolution as a continuous process shaped by natural selection and environmental changes.

In contrast, static population sizes, absence of genetic variation, and environmental stability do not offer evidence of evolutionary change. Static population sizes imply that a population is not changing in response to environmental pressures, while a lack of genetic variation suggests limited potential for adaptation and evolution. Environmental stability, while potentially conducive to the maintenance of species, does not imply evolutionary change, as evolution is driven by changes in environmental conditions and the adaptation of populations over time.